Daily Drop (650): SMIC: Chips Surplus, Qualcomm-Iridium: Ends, Omegle Shuts Down, Project Kuiper, Huawei: SAT Tech, eSIMs: Israel-Haza, Cyber Assault on ICBC, San Fran: Surveillance, Lockbit: Boeing
11-11-23
Saturday, Nov 11, 2023 // (IG): BB // The Leek Sino-Satire // Coffee for Bob
China's Largest Chipmaker Flags Global Semiconductor Glut Amid Geopolitical Strains
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), China's top chipmaker, warns of a looming global semiconductor surplus driven by geopolitical tensions and supply chain restructuring. The company has announced an 18% increase in its 2023 capital expenditure to $7.5 billion, despite concerns about overcapacity.
Analyst Comments: SMIC's increase in capital expenditure comes amid heightened geopolitical tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China, leading to a reshaping of the global semiconductor supply chain. This reshuffling has prompted nations and companies to duplicate construction efforts and supply chains, potentially leading to a global excess in production capacity. While SMIC faces restrictions from U.S. export controls, its business has seen a growth in demand from Chinese clients, with sales in China rising to 84% of its business. However, the company lags behind industry leaders like Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Samsung, and Intel in chip miniaturization technology.
FROM THE MEDIA: The situation at SMIC reflects broader trends in the semiconductor industry, where geopolitical shifts are influencing business strategies and market dynamics. The company's focus on expanding local manufacturing capabilities, particularly in China, is a response to these changes and the growing demand for semiconductors within the country. However, SMIC's warning about global overcapacity suggests potential challenges for the industry, including price pressures and reduced profitability. The company's increased spending, despite these concerns, highlights the strategic importance of maintaining and expanding semiconductor production capabilities in the current geopolitical climate.
READ THE STORY: FT
Qualcomm Ends Partnership with Iridium for Satellite-Connected Android Phones
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Qualcomm has terminated its partnership with Iridium to develop technology that would enable Android smartphones to connect directly to satellites. This decision follows the lack of adoption by smartphone manufacturers, primarily due to economic concerns and a preference for a standards-based approach over proprietary solutions.
Analyst Comments: The collaboration between Qualcomm and Iridium aimed to integrate satellite connectivity into everyday smartphones, allowing devices to maintain communication capabilities even in areas without cellular coverage. Despite the successful development and demonstration of the technology, smartphone manufacturers have been hesitant to include this feature, citing uncertainties in monetization models and pricing issues. The preference for a standards-based approach, as indicated by Qualcomm, suggests that smartphone manufacturers are looking for more universally applicable solutions that align with existing cellular standards.
FROM THE MEDIA: This development in the direct-to-device satellite communication market reflects the industry's ongoing debate between closed and open network systems. While companies like Globalstar have formed exclusive partnerships (e.g., with Apple for SOS services on iPhones), others like SpaceX, Lynk Global, and AST SpaceMobile are working on broader solutions compatible with a range of devices and networks. Qualcomm's withdrawal from its proprietary solution with Iridium does not signal an end to its interest in satellite connectivity; rather, it opens the possibility for future collaborations based on more standardized approaches. Iridium, meanwhile, remains optimistic about pursuing this market, planning to engage directly with smartphone manufacturers and other chipmakers.
READ THE STORY: SN
Omegle Shuts Down Following Legal Action by Sexual Abuse Survivor
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Omegle, a popular video and text chat site that randomly paired strangers for conversation, has shut down as part of a legal settlement with a user who claimed the site’s design led to her sexual abuse. This development highlights significant concerns about online platforms' responsibility in safeguarding users, especially minors, against sexual predators.
Analyst Comments: Omegle's closure stems from a lawsuit alleging that its design and lack of protective measures made it easy for minors to be paired with sexual predators. This issue has been a longstanding problem for the platform. The legal action and subsequent shutdown underline the challenges and responsibilities facing social media and communication platforms in ensuring user safety. It also signifies a potential shift in the legal landscape, where platforms might face greater accountability for the actions occurring through their services.
FROM THE MEDIA: The shutdown of Omegle serves as a critical reminder of the dangers present in unregulated online spaces, particularly those that allow anonymous interactions. While the platform was designed to connect strangers for conversation, its lack of robust age verification and monitoring systems reportedly made it a haven for abusive behaviors. The closure following legal mediation suggests a growing recognition of the need for more stringent measures to protect users, especially minors, from sexual exploitation and abuse online. This case may set a precedent for other platforms, pressing them to prioritize user safety and implement more effective protective measures.
READ THE STORY: Wired
Amazon's Project Kuiper Advances in Space with Successful Thruster Tests
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Amazon's Project Kuiper has successfully tested its custom Hall-effect electric propulsion system on prototype satellites, showcasing efficient orbital adjustments and maneuvering capabilities in space.
Analyst Comments: The thrusters, designed to operate the Kuiper satellite system between 367 and 391 miles above Earth, have demonstrated effective performance in maintaining satellite altitudes and avoiding orbital decay. This technology, while not novel, is crucial for the long-term operation and safety of satellites in increasingly crowded space environments. The thrusters' ability to raise spacecraft to desired orbits, avoid collisions with debris or other satellites, and facilitate controlled de-orbiting at the end of a satellite's life is a significant advancement for Project Kuiper. This development is particularly relevant in the context of increasing satellite launches and concerns about space debris and traffic management.
FROM THE MEDIA: Project Kuiper's successful thruster tests represent a key milestone in Amazon's ambitions to establish a robust satellite internet network. The custom design of the propulsion system, focusing on efficiency and longevity, aligns with the broader industry trend toward sustainable space operations. As satellite constellations like Kuiper and Starlink expand, the importance of reliable and effective propulsion systems for orbital adjustments and collision avoidance becomes more pronounced. Amazon's progress in this area not only advances its own space-based internet goals but also contributes to the ongoing dialogue about responsible behavior in the shared and congested environment of low Earth orbit (LEO).
READ THE STORY: The Register
Huawei's Satellite Communication Technology: China Telecom Debunks Exclusivity Claims
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): China Telecom has clarified that Huawei does not hold exclusive rights to satellite communication technology, contrary to some industry speculations. This announcement opens the door for broader implementation of this technology across various smartphone brands, fostering innovation and accessibility in satellite communications.
Analyst Comments: The advancement of smartphone technology, particularly in satellite communications, has seen significant development with the introduction of this feature in the iPhone 14 and its subsequent adoption by other brands like Samsung and Oppo. Huawei, having launched the Mate 60 Pro with satellite communication capabilities, was rumored to have exclusive rights over this technology. However, China Telecom's recent statement dispels these rumors, confirming Huawei's non-exclusivity in this domain. This clarification is crucial as it encourages collaboration and technological expansion, ensuring no single company monopolizes this emerging tech sector. It also indicates a growing trend of integrating satellite communications in smartphones, enhancing connectivity in remote areas.
FROM THE MEDIA: China Telecom's announcement that Huawei does not possess exclusive rights to satellite communication technology marks a significant moment in the telecommunications industry. This clarification paves the way for increased collaboration and competition among smartphone manufacturers, potentially leading to more innovative and accessible satellite communication features in future devices. Huawei's Mate 60 Pro, the first to support this technology, symbolizes the beginning of a new era in mobile communications. China Telecom's own initiatives, including the "Mobile Direct Satellite" service and the upcoming launch of the Tianyi Bodun S9 satellite communications phone, further emphasize the industry's shift towards integrating satellite technology into everyday devices. This movement is expected to revolutionize how we think about mobile connectivity, particularly in enhancing communication capabilities in areas beyond the reach of traditional cellular networks.
READ THE STORY: GizmoChina
From Digital Reconstructions to eSIMs: Unconventional Tech Aids in a Time of Conflict
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): In the midst of the Israel-Haza conflict, technological innovations and grassroots efforts have emerged as critical tools in addressing communication challenges and aiding in the identification and connection of individuals affected by the crisis.
Analyst Comments: The conflict has led to significant disruptions in communication, both in terms of information flow and connectivity. Israeli academic Karine Nahon's initiative to use digital technologies and a volunteer network to identify missing persons showcases an unprecedented use of technology for humanitarian purposes. Conversely, in Gaza, internet blackouts have necessitated innovative solutions like the use of eSIMs, facilitated by individuals like Bashar Shaheen, to maintain essential communication links. These efforts highlight a crucial dependency on technology in conflict zones for information dissemination, safety, and maintaining familial connections.
FROM THE MEDIA: The conflict between Israel and Hamas has led to a chaotic environment, particularly impacting communication. In Israel, a volunteer group led by Professor Nahon is using advanced digital techniques, including facial recognition and internet scraping, to identify missing individuals in the wake of the attacks. This effort represents a significant shift from traditional privacy norms, underlining the desperate need for information in crisis situations. In Gaza, frequent internet blackouts have prompted the use of eSIM technology, enabling residents to connect to foreign networks for communication. This solution, spearheaded by marketing executive Bashar Shaheen, demonstrates the adaptability and resilience of individuals in leveraging technology to overcome barriers imposed by conflict. Both these instances reflect the evolving role of technology as a lifeline in modern warfare and crisis situations.
READ THE STORY: The Record
Wall Street and Beijing Address Consequences of Cyber Assault on ICBC's New York Unit
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The ransomware attack on the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) in New York has triggered significant disruptions in the $25tn market for US Treasuries, revealing vulnerabilities in this critical financial sector.
Analyst Comments: The attack has compromised ICBC's systems, leading to unconventional measures like using a USB stick for data transmission and requesting multiple extensions from the US Federal Reserve's real-time payments platform, Fedwire. The incident not only impacted ICBC's ability to settle Treasury trades but also affected market liquidity and possibly contributed to a sharp sell-off in long-dated Treasuries. ICBC required a substantial capital injection to cover unsettled trades, and its disconnection from BNY Mellon's platform underscores the seriousness of the breach. This event highlights the growing threat of ransomware attacks in the financial sector and the need for robust cybersecurity measures.
FROM THE MEDIA: The ransomware attack on ICBC, China's largest bank, has rattled the Treasury market and prompted a swift response from Wall Street and Beijing. The breach resulted in ICBC's US unit struggling to settle trades, leading to significant disruptions in market operations. The bank's inability to use its compromised systems forced it to resort to manual processes, including the use of a USB stick for data transmission. The situation necessitated an emergency capital infusion and caused concerns about the overall security and stability of the financial infrastructure. The incident has drawn attention from US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and the Chinese foreign ministry, emphasizing the international implications of such cyberattacks. The attack on ICBC underscores the evolving cyber threat landscape and the need for enhanced security protocols to safeguard critical financial systems against such disruptions.
READ THE STORY: FT
Surveillance and the Complex Dynamics of Citizen Policing in San Francisco
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The Marina District of San Francisco has become a focal point for citizen-led surveillance efforts, highlighting the complex social dynamics and challenges of addressing homelessness and crime. While surveillance has been used to document and report incidents, it has also sparked controversy and raised ethical questions about privacy, vigilantism, and the portrayal of the city's homelessness crisis.
Analyst Comments: In San Francisco's Marina District, a surge in citizen surveillance, driven by concerns over crime and homelessness, has led to a proliferation of video footage capturing various incidents. This trend reflects the community's effort to take control of local issues in the face of perceived inaction by authorities. However, the use of surveillance has also created tension, with some viewing it as a necessary tool for safety and others criticizing it as an invasion of privacy or a means of targeting vulnerable populations. The situation is further complicated by incidents like the attack on Don Carmignani, a former city fire commissioner, which initially seemed straightforward but later revealed deeper layers of conflict and aggression within the community.
FROM THE MEDIA: This phenomenon is exemplified by the case of Don Carmignani, whose altercation with a homeless individual, Garret Doty, was captured on multiple cameras. Initially portrayed as a victim of unprovoked violence, further investigation and additional footage revealed Carmignani's potential involvement in prior incidents of aggression towards homeless individuals. The incident underscores the complexities of using surveillance in community policing, where the line between monitoring for safety and aggressive vigilantism can become blurred. The widespread use of cameras has not only provided evidence for criminal cases but also sparked debates over the ethics of surveillance and its impact on the portrayal of homelessness in San Francisco.
READ THE STORY: Wired
Lockbit Posts Boeing Documents on Dark Web, Signals Intensified Cybersecurity Threats
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The Lockbit ransomware gang has published what they claim to be documents belonging to Boeing Co. on the dark web, highlighting a significant cybersecurity breach against the aircraft manufacturer. This move comes after a ransom demand deadline passed, underscoring the increasing boldness and threat posed by ransomware groups in the cybersecurity landscape.
Analyst Comments: The recent cyberattack on Boeing Co. by the notorious hacking group Lockbit reflects a growing trend of aggressive and high-profile attacks by ransomware gangs. Lockbit's decision to post the alleged Boeing documents online after a failed ransom negotiation demonstrates their readiness to escalate threats when demands are not met. This incident underlines the heightened risk to major corporations and the critical need for robust cybersecurity measures. The breach's specific impact on Boeing's operations and the sensitivity of the exposed data could have far-reaching implications, depending on the nature of the documents leaked.
FROM THE MEDIA: Lockbit, a well-known ransomware gang, has escalated its cyberattack on Boeing Co. by releasing what it claims to be internal documents of the company on the dark web. This action followed the expiration of a ransom demand deadline on November 2. Boeing, acknowledging the data release, maintains that the attack poses no threat to aircraft or flight safety. However, the breach's impact extends beyond Boeing, reflecting a broader issue in the cybersecurity industry, where ransomware groups are increasingly targeting large, high-profile organizations. Boeing's response and ongoing investigation into the incident, in collaboration with law enforcement and regulatory authorities, will be critical in understanding the full scope and implications of the breach. This situation serves as a stark reminder of the persistent and evolving cybersecurity threats facing global corporations.
READ THE STORY: Bloomberg
Qualcomm and Iridium's Satellite Connectivity Project for Smartphones Discontinued
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Qualcomm and Iridium's partnership to enable satellite messaging and emergency services on Android smartphones has been terminated. Despite successful development and demonstration, the project did not see implementation in Snapdragon-based devices, leading to its cancellation.
Analyst Comments: The collaboration between Qualcomm and Iridium, initiated to integrate satellite connectivity into smartphones, represents a significant effort to expand communication capabilities beyond terrestrial networks. However, the lack of adoption by smartphone manufacturers highlights a preference for standards-based solutions in the industry. This move might slow down the immediate availability of satellite-enabled smartphones but could pave the way for more universally accepted and interoperable solutions in the future. Qualcomm's decision to focus on NB-NTN (Narrowband Non-Terrestrial Network) solutions aligns with this industry trend and suggests a strategic shift towards standardized technologies that might offer broader compatibility and acceptance.
FROM THE MEDIA: Qualcomm and Iridium's agreement, announced at CES 2023, aimed to provide satellite messaging and emergency services on Qualcomm's Snapdragon-powered Android smartphones using Iridium's network. However, due to the lack of implementation by smartphone manufacturers, the agreement has been terminated. Qualcomm stated that smartphone OEMs prefer standards-based solutions for satellite connectivity, indicating a shift in industry focus. Qualcomm will continue to support NB-NTN solutions, aligning with the 3GPP 5G specifications for Non-Terrestrial Networks. Iridium, on the other hand, plans to explore new relationships with device OEMs, chipmakers, and developers. The termination of this partnership is a setback for immediate satellite connectivity on smartphones but may lead to the development of more standardized and widely accepted solutions in the long run.
READ THE STORY: The Register
OpenAI's ChatGPT Faces DDoS Attack, Causing Major Outages
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): OpenAI's ChatGPT, a widely used AI chatbot, faced significant disruptions due to a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. This incident raises concerns about the vulnerability of popular AI tools to cyber threats and the impact on user productivity and reliance on AI technology.
Analyst Comments: The DDoS attack on ChatGPT highlights the growing cybersecurity risks associated with AI technologies. As AI tools become more integral to business and everyday activities, they become attractive targets for cyberattacks. The incident underscores the need for robust security measures to protect AI systems from such threats. The attack's timing, coinciding with OpenAI's DevDay event, suggests a possible strategic motive behind the disruption. Additionally, the claim of responsibility by Anonymous Sudan, a group with ties to the Russian Killnet collective, adds a geopolitical dimension to the attack, indicating the complex landscape of cybersecurity where AI platforms operate.
FROM THE MEDIA: OpenAI's ChatGPT experienced major outages due to a DDoS attack, disrupting the service for a significant user base, including many Fortune 500 companies. The attack's occurrence during OpenAI's DevDay event, where new AI capabilities were announced, raises questions about the security preparedness of AI platforms. Anonymous Sudan claimed responsibility for the attack, citing OpenAI's perceived alignment with Israeli interests and its American corporate identity as motives. The incident impacted not just ChatGPT but also other AI-driven tools, demonstrating the cascading effect of such attacks on interconnected technologies. This situation emphasizes the importance of enhanced cybersecurity measures for AI systems and the potential need for more reliable solutions from established tech companies.
READ THE STORY: SecurityBoulevard
PeruSAT-1 Satellite: A Vital Tool for El Niño Preparedness in Peru
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Peru's national satellite, PeruSAT-1, plays a crucial role in disaster management and national defense by providing over 110,777 metric and submetric optical images. Its primary focus is on preparing for the El Niño phenomenon, particularly by capturing images of Peru's northern region to monitor and respond to potential floods.
Analyst Comments: The use of PeruSAT-1 demonstrates the importance of satellite technology in addressing natural disasters and environmental challenges. By focusing on the El Niño phenomenon, Peru leverages this advanced tool to enhance preparedness and response strategies. The satellite's ability to provide detailed images aids in understanding and mitigating the impact of natural disasters. Collaborations with various national institutions, including Indeci, Coen, Enfen, and Cenepred, highlight the integrated approach Peru is taking in disaster management. The continuous delivery of satellite images to these organizations underscores the critical role of PeruSAT-1 in national security and environmental monitoring.
FROM THE MEDIA: PeruSAT-1, operational for seven years, has been instrumental in Peru's disaster prevention and management efforts. With a particular focus on the El Niño phenomenon, the satellite provides valuable images to help prepare for and respond to floods, especially in the northern region of Peru. In response to environmental emergencies like the 2022 oil spill and Cyclone Yaku, PeruSAT-1 and other international satellites supplied crucial data. These images are continuously supplied to various national agencies for effective decision-making in disaster response. The satellite's 26-day orbit allows for regular image capture, crucial for emergency situations. Additionally, Conida, the overseeing agency, conducts staff training to optimize the use of data obtained from satellite imagery. As the threat of El Niño looms, the frequency of image capture will increase, reinforcing PeruSAT-1's vital role in national preparedness and environmental monitoring strategies.
READ THE STORY: Andina
Biden-Xi Summit in San Francisco: A Critical Step Towards US-China Military Communication
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): US President Joe Biden is set to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping in San Francisco, focusing on reviving US-China military communications. This crucial summit, their first in-person meeting in a year, comes amid heightened tensions over Taiwan and technology disputes.
Analyst Comments: The upcoming summit between Biden and Xi is a significant diplomatic endeavor aimed at stabilizing the strained US-China relationship. Biden's intention to discuss the reopening of military communication channels, suspended by China, highlights a proactive approach to reducing risks of military confrontations, especially concerning Taiwan and the South China Sea. The meeting also signals a mutual recognition of the need for effective communication in managing competition and preventing escalation into conflict. Additionally, discussions on Ukraine and technology exports will be pivotal in addressing broader geopolitical concerns and trade relations.
FROM THE MEDIA: Joe Biden will urge Xi Jinping to restore US-China military communications during their summit in San Francisco. This meeting, held before the APEC forum, aims to stabilize relations amidst increasing tensions. Key topics include Chinese military activities near Taiwan and US technology export controls. The summit, marking their second in-person meeting as leaders, will see Biden addressing "dangerous" Chinese actions around Taiwan and discussing the Ukraine conflict with Xi. US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen's recent discussions with Chinese Vice-Premier He Lifeng on curbing Chinese companies' support for Russia's war in Ukraine also underscore the summit's importance. The White House emphasizes the need for diplomacy in managing competition and avoiding conflict, viewing this summit as a vital step in clarifying misperceptions and maintaining global peace. The Biden-Xi meeting represents a crucial effort to establish a stable foundation for US-China relations, addressing significant challenges in military, technological, and economic domains.
READ THE STORY: FT
Microsoft Temporarily Halts Internal ChatGPT Access Due to Security Concerns
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Microsoft reportedly suspended internal access to OpenAI's ChatGPT for a short period due to security concerns, highlighting the potential risks of sensitive data exposure in large language models (LLMs).
Analyst Comments: Microsoft's temporary restriction on ChatGPT access within the company underscores the growing concerns about the security implications of generative AI tools. As a significant investor in OpenAI, Microsoft's cautionary step points to the inherent risks in LLMs, such as the potential incorporation of sensitive queries into future outputs. This incident, although brief and later deemed an error, reflects a broader industry concern about ensuring the responsible and secure use of AI technologies in corporate environments.
FROM THE MEDIA: Microsoft, a major investor in OpenAI, briefly restricted internal access to ChatGPT over security fears, rerouting employees to a notification about the block. The decision was later reported as an error. Concerns about LLMs ingesting and misusing sensitive data were previously highlighted by the UK's GCHQ. Similar restrictions have been observed in other companies like Samsung, JPMorgan Chase, and Verizon. Microsoft continues to promote the use of Bing Chat Enterprise, which integrates ChatGPT Enterprise, due to its enhanced privacy protections. This episode underscores the importance of balancing innovation with security in the rapidly evolving field of AI.
READ THE STORY: The Register
Items of interest
Japan's Revised National Security Strategy: Strengthening Indo-Pacific Alliances
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Japan's new National Security Strategy marks a significant shift in its post-World War II defense posture, aiming to bolster its defense capabilities in response to complex security challenges, particularly from China, North Korea, and Russia. The strategy underscores Japan's commitment to enhancing its partnership with India, reflecting a strategic realignment in the Indo-Pacific region.
Analyst Comments: Japan's security environment is increasingly complex and severe, with challenges from Russian aggression in Ukraine, tensions in the Taiwan Strait, and North Korea's nuclear ambitions. The strategy indicates Japan's willingness to adopt a more proactive defense role, moving beyond its traditional self-defense constraint. The increased defense spending to 2% of GDP, higher prioritization of Australia and India as strategic partners, and specific mentions of China, North Korea, and Russia as challengers are indicative of a strategic pivot. The emphasis on India highlights Japan's intention to foster stronger bilateral ties, recognizing India's geostrategic importance in counterbalancing China's influence in the region.
FROM THE MEDIA: The new National Security Strategy of Japan, coupled with the National Defense Strategy and Defense Buildup Program, represents a historic recalibration of Japan's defense policy. The focus has shifted from passive defense to active deterrence, with a significant increase in defense spending and the development of counter-strike capabilities. Japan's identification of major security challenges and alignment with like-minded nations, particularly India, signifies a strategic realignment in the Indo-Pacific. This move is poised to enhance regional stability and security, balancing the rising influence of China and the persistent threats from North Korea and Russia. Japan's strategy is set against a backdrop of a rapidly changing global power balance and emerging military technologies, necessitating a robust and flexible defense posture. The strengthening of the India-Japan partnership within this framework will be crucial for maintaining a free, open, and stable Indo-Pacific region.
READ THE STORY: ModernDiplomacy
French Farmers Embrace Agrivoltaics: Combining Crop Cultivation with Solar Energy Production (Video)
FROM THE MEDIA: In the midst of the energy crisis gripping France, this farmer is using his land in innovative ways to produce electricity.
Spanish Farmers Clash with Expanding Solar Parks: A Struggle for Land and Livelihoods (Video)
FROM THE MEDIA: In the Spanish countryside, farmland is being turned into space for solar panels and wind farms. Spain's government wants to produce at least 74 percent of its electricity from renewable energy by 2030, an increase of 16 percent in five years. To meet those targets, the country is opting for giant solar farms, particularly in the southern Andalusia region. That's angering farmers – some of whom are having their land expropriated – and even some ecologists.
These open-source products are reviewed by analysts at InfoDom Securities, providing possible context about current media trends related to the realm of cyber security. The stories selected cover a broad array of cyber threats and are intended to aid readers in framing key publicly discussed threats and overall situational awareness. InfoDom Securities does not endorse any third-party claims made in their original material or related links on their sites; the opinions expressed by third parties are theirs alone. For further questions, please contact InfoDom Securities at dominanceinformation@gmail.com.