Daily Drop (648): OpenAI: Anon. Sudan, CN: ASML, PLA SSF, JP: Semiconductor, UK Space Agency, NK & SK: Spy SATs, Quantum Race, RU: 'Influence-for-Hire', Sandworm, Python: Malware, SLP: DoS, CN APT
11-09-23
Thursday, Nov 09, 2023 // (IG): BB // The Leek Sino-Satire // Coffee for Bob
Anonymous Sudan Claims Responsibility Amidst Outages, Citing Biased Actions by OpenAI
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): OpenAI's ChatGPT and API services have experienced significant outages suspected to be caused by DDoS attacks, with the group Anonymous Sudan claiming responsibility due to alleged bias by OpenAI.
Analyst Comments: The intermittent outages affecting OpenAI's services suggest a pattern consistent with a DDoS attack, which is a common method used by various groups to disrupt online services. The claim by Anonymous Sudan, a group asserting pro-Islam and pro-Palestine affiliations, adds a layer of geopolitical tension to the cyber incident. However, without technical corroboration, the validity of these claims remains unverified.
FROM THE MEDIA: OpenAI's ChatGPT and its API counterpart have been facing recurring service interruptions reminiscent of DDoS attack patterns. While the outage was temporarily resolved, issues resurfaced, leading to ongoing service instability. The hacker collective known as Anonymous Sudan has taken credit, accusing OpenAI of bias toward Israel, a claim made amidst heightened cyber activities following regional conflicts. Despite their assertions, no concrete technical evidence has surfaced to confirm the group's involvement in the disruptions. This incident underscores the complex intersection of cybersecurity, geopolitics, and online platform responsibility.
READ THE STORY: CyberNews
China's Rush for Dutch Chipmaking Equipment Amid Export Restrictions
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): China accelerates purchases of Dutch chipmaking technology, particularly from ASML, in response to imminent export restrictions by the US Department of Commerce.
Analyst Comments: The intensifying trade restrictions spearheaded by the United States have led to a significant surge in China's importation of photolithography equipment, particularly from the Netherlands-based ASML. The US restrictions, which are set to expand to include certain deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography systems, aim to curb China's access to advanced chipmaking tools. However, Dutch authorities have granted temporary licenses allowing ASML to continue its equipment sales to China until the end of the current year, prompting a rush by Chinese entities to acquire as much technology as possible before the deadline.
FROM THE MEDIA: Amid tightening US export controls, China has been aggressively stockpiling chipmaking machinery, especially from the Dutch tech giant ASML, which specializes in photolithography systems crucial for semiconductor production. This flurry of activity has led to a noticeable boost in the Netherlands' exports to China, despite an overall decrease in trade between the EU and China. The urgency is underscored by ASML's announcement that Dutch authorities have issued licenses for the sale of DUV lithography machines, vital for 7nm chip manufacturing, valid only through December 2023. The rush to purchase these systems has been reflected in the significant rise in Chinese imports from the Netherlands reported in October. With looming restrictions and the potential for future sanctions, China is strategically securing necessary resources for its semiconductor industry, while companies like Canon seek to capitalize on market gaps with alternative lithography technologies not yet explicitly restricted.
READ THE STORY: The Register
Unveiling the Shadow War: The People's Liberation Army's Strategic Support Force
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The People's Liberation Army's Strategic Support Force (SSF) is a rapidly expanding, technically sophisticated, and highly secretive branch that acts as the central nervous system for China's military might. Despite its low profile, the SSF is crucial for China's transformation into a global power, focusing on space, cyberspace, and electronic warfare.
Analyst Comments: The SSF was forged from disparate cyber, space, and electronic units to provide comprehensive intelligence and strategic support to the PLA, signifying a significant advancement in China's military capabilities. Its structure, which includes the space systems department and network systems department, suggests a level of autonomy and a departure from traditional military organization. The SSF's increasing influence is evident in its prominent role in national parades and its inheritance of key military bases. While the force's growing integration with civilian sectors such as engineering and IT signals strength, it also poses risks, given China's shortfall in cybersecurity professionals and reliance on foreign technology.
FROM THE MEDIA: The SSF's expansion, coupled with its ties to civilian expertise and technology, presents a double-edged sword for the PLA. On one hand, it enhances China's cyber, electronic, and psychological warfare capabilities; on the other, it exposes vulnerabilities due to talent deficits and technology dependencies. As China aims to dominate the 'strategic frontiers,' the Indo-Pacific democracies must recognize the potential impact of the SSF on future warfare. The lack of detailed public analysis of the SSF underscores the need for deeper investigation into its operations to understand how it may shape the outcome of potential conflicts.
READ THE STORY: ASPI
Japan's Semiconductor Renaissance: Strategic Moves to Reclaim Chip Industry Leadership
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Japan is making significant strides to reclaim its status as a semiconductor powerhouse, leveraging government subsidies and strategic partnerships with companies like IBM. Luc Van den hove, CEO of the research organization Imec, lauds Japan's impressive and decisive actions toward revitalizing its chip manufacturing sector.
Analyst Comments: Japan's initiative, led by the chip foundry venture Rapidus, aims to compete with established giants such as TSMC and Samsung. Despite the challenging nature of this endeavor, the commitment of the Japanese government and the experienced leadership within Rapidus indicate a strong potential for success. The establishment of Imec's offices in Hokkaido and Tokyo further reflects international confidence in Japan's chip sector revival. However, the global context of strained supply chains and geopolitical tensions highlights the risks associated with decoupling and the necessity for collaborative innovation.
FROM THE MEDIA: Japan's proactive measures to bolster its semiconductor industry represent a broader effort to secure technological sovereignty and economic resilience. The country's approach serves as an example of how strategic investments and international cooperation can potentially reduce dependencies and foster innovation. The success of these efforts will not only shape Japan's technological landscape but also influence the global semiconductor industry's competitive dynamics.
READ THE STORY: Reuters
A Bold Step Toward Orbital Sustainability and Extended Space Missions
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The UK Space Agency commits £2 million to research satellite refueling technologies, aiming to extend space mission lifespans and combat the increasing issue of space debris. This initiative supports the UK's goal of leading in sustainable space operations.
Analyst Comments: The proposed studies for satellite refueling are a response to the growing concern of space debris, which threatens active satellites and, by extension, critical services on Earth. The UK's move aligns with the broader international effort to ensure the longevity and sustainability of space infrastructure. With the nation's first debris removal mission planned for 2026, the focus on refueling is a strategic component of the UK's vision for space sustainability. The commitment from the UK government and collaboration with commercial entities like Astroscale and ClearSpace positions the UK as a pioneer in this technological domain.
FROM THE MEDIA: The investment by the UK Space Agency in satellite refueling technology underscores the necessity for innovative solutions to the challenges of space debris. The initiative not only promises to extend the functional lifetimes of satellites but also aims to establish the UK as a leader in sustainable space practices. This endeavor has the potential to catalyze economic benefits and technological advancements, enhancing the resilience of space operations. In committing to this path, the UK is taking a significant step toward a more sustainable and secure future in space exploration and utilization.
READ THE STORY: SpaceDaily
South Korea and North Korea Engage in Space-Based Reconnaissance Race
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): South and North Korea are independently striving to launch their first indigenous military spy satellites—a technological tug-of-war between the Koreas with the backing of global powers, the United States and Russia
Analyst Comments: The endeavor to deploy reconnaissance satellites by both Koreas marks a significant escalation in military capabilities and surveillance prowess in the region. South Korea's imminent satellite launch, using a SpaceX Falcon 9, is part of a broader defense initiative to enhance preemptive strike capabilities and monitor potential threats from North Korea. North Korea, seeking to counterbalance, is expediting its own satellite development with Russian expertise. The launches are not merely a regional power display but also a proxy for the technological rivalry between the U.S. and Russia. Success or failure in these launches could have profound implications for regional security and geopolitical dynamics.
FROM THE MEDIA: The race to deploy military spy satellites by the two Koreas underscores a broader strategic competition that extends into space. South Korea's upcoming satellite launch from Vandenberg Space Force Base is a critical step in its national defense strategy, aiming to bolster its 'Kill Chain' system against North Korean threats. North Korea's parallel satellite development, supported by Russia, highlights the nation's determination to enhance its reconnaissance capabilities, despite previous setbacks and international sanctions. This intense competition reflects the growing importance of space-based assets in national security and the enduring influence of superpower support in regional military affairs.
READ THE STORY: SATNEWS
Escalating the Quantum Race: US Legislative Action to Counter Global Rivals
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The US House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology proposes HR6213, a bill to invest $3 billion in quantum computing advancements, aiming to sustain American leadership against rising Chinese and Russian quantum initiatives.
Analyst Comments: The bill reflects a pressing need to maintain a competitive edge in the quantum field, where advancements could revolutionize encryption, logistics, and research capabilities. With China reportedly leading in quantum communication and Russia advancing with state-backed programs, the US seeks to solidify its technological dominance. The proposed funding would enhance research, workforce development, and the commercialization of quantum technologies, emphasizing collaboration with allies and integration of quantum systems into national defense.
FROM THE MEDIA: In response to significant developments in quantum computing by international competitors, the US Congress is considering substantial funding to propel domestic quantum capabilities forward. This strategic move aims to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical applications of quantum science. Lawmakers urge immediate action to counter foreign advancements that threaten to erode the US's technological superiority. The proposed bill not only exemplifies the quantum arms race but also serves as a critical investment in the future of US national security and economic prowess in the high-tech arena. As the bill progresses through Congress, the outcome will have lasting implications for the global quantum computing landscape.
READ THE STORY: The Register
U.S. State Department Exposes Russian 'Influence-for-Hire' Operations Undermining Democratic Values
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The U.S. State Department has identified a Russian-funded disinformation campaign in Latin America, conducted by three local 'influence-for-hire' firms, aimed at weakening support for Ukraine and tarnishing the reputation of the U.S. and NATO.
Analyst Comments: Russian entities have been leveraging the open media landscape of Latin America to integrate and masquerade their propaganda within local news, subtly shifting public perception. This strategic dissemination of pro-Kremlin narratives, often through unaware local editorial teams, underscores Russia's commitment to expanding its geopolitical influence. The operation's sophistication lies in its ability to maintain the facade of independent journalism while pushing content that aligns with Russian interests.
FROM THE MEDIA: The U.S. State Department's recent findings highlight an insidious Russian campaign designed to sway Latin American public opinion through disinformation. Three firms—the Social Design Agency, the Institute for Internet Development, and Structura—are spearheading these efforts, often targeting both far-right and hard-left groups to serve the Kremlin's agenda. These firms, previously sanctioned by the EU for their role in pro-Russian propaganda, now stand accused by the U.S. of furthering Russia's strategic objectives by promoting ideologies that destabilize democracies and undermine the international order. This revelation not only exposes the depth of Russia's influence operations but also signals a pressing need for increased vigilance and countermeasures to preserve the integrity of democratic discourse in the region.
READ THE STORY: The Record
Cyber Assault in the Shadows: Russia's Sandworm Attacks Ukrainian Power
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Mandiant's intelligence team has attributed the 2022 power blackouts in Ukraine not only to physical missile strikes but also to a coordinated cyberattack by Russia's Sandworm group, challenging the notion that cyber threats to critical infrastructure are exaggerated.
Analyst Comments: The analysis by Mandiant points to a sophisticated cyber operation by Sandworm, a group with ties to Russian military intelligence, that targeted Ukrainian power infrastructure. The cyberattack, executed in tandem with physical strikes, demonstrates a strategic approach to combine kinetic operations with cyber warfare. This incident highlights the vulnerabilities of national power grids and the escalating nature of cyber-physical threats.
FROM THE MEDIA: During the Ukrainian blackouts in 2022, it was not just missile strikes causing widespread power outages but also a cyberattack linked to the notorious Russian hacking group, Sandworm. The group infiltrated a power plant's operational technology, ultimately leading to a loss of power. This cyber offensive was executed simultaneously with missile strikes, suggesting a level of coordination aimed at amplifying the attack's impact. Mandiant's upcoming report throws light on the cyber component of warfare and underscores the critical need for robust cybersecurity defenses for national infrastructures.
READ THE STORY: The Register
Malware Masquerading as Python Packages: The Hidden Threat to Developers
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Checkmarx has identified a new malware threat, "BlazeStealer," posing as a legitimate Python package aimed at developers seeking to obfuscate their code, which could potentially give attackers full control over the victim's computer.
Analyst Comments: Cybersecurity researchers have discovered a malicious trend where attackers target software developers by injecting malware into packages within open-source libraries. The newly identified "BlazeStealer" malware is disguised as a Python package for code obfuscation, a technique often sought by developers to protect their code from unauthorized access. Once activated, this malware could perform a range of intrusive actions, from data theft to spying via webcam access.
FROM THE MEDIA: The cybersecurity landscape is witnessing an increase in sophisticated attacks, with malicious hackers setting their sights on developers through open-source software libraries. The latest discovery by Checkmarx involves a Python package called "BlazeStealer," which, under the guise of code obfuscation, threatens to infect developers' systems with a bot that allows for comprehensive control by the attackers. This package, when run, not only exfiltrates data but can also capture images using the victim's webcam, posing a significant risk to the privacy and security of the affected individuals. As open-source libraries become more integral to software development, the urgency for enhanced security measures grows, highlighting the call to action by the Biden administration to fortify the security of open-source software.
READ THE STORY: The Record
High-severity Service Location Protocol Flaw Leveraged in DoS Amplification Attacks
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added a high-severity Service Location Protocol (SLP) vulnerability to its catalog of exploited vulnerabilities, after identifying active misuse that could result in substantial denial-of-service (DoS) amplification attacks.
Analyst Comments: The flaw, cataloged under CVE-2023-29552 with a CVSS score of 7.5, is a DoS vulnerability within SLP, a discovery protocol used to allow devices on the same network to find and communicate with each other. The vulnerability was initially reported by Bitsight and Curesec in April and is now being actively exploited, prompting CISA to issue a warning. The vulnerability's exploitation can enable threat actors to launch disruptive DoS attacks with high amplification factors, posing serious risks to affected networks.
FROM THE MEDIA: CISA's alert serves as a critical reminder for federal agencies and other network administrators to implement recommended mitigations against the SLP vulnerability by November 29, 2023. This includes disabling SLP services on systems within untrusted networks to prevent potential exploitation. The exploitation of CVE-2023-29552 is a serious concern, as it allows attackers to initiate DoS attacks that could have significant impacts on targeted networks and services. As cyber threats continue to evolve, staying informed and proactive in implementing security measures is crucial for maintaining network integrity and resilience.
READ THE STORY: THN
A Covert Cyber Campaign Unveiled: How Chinese-Linked APTs Compromise Governmental Entities in Cambodia
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): Chinese Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups have been implicated in the systematic cyber infiltration of at least 24 Cambodian government organizations, leveraging cloud backup services for espionage.
Analyst Comments: The Palo Alto Networks' Unit 42 report, corroborated by the Washington Post, indicates with high confidence that Chinese state-sponsored APT actors have compromised Cambodian governmental bodies. This sustained cyber campaign has targeted a wide array of ministries and departments, suggesting a strategic geopolitical motive behind the espionage.
FROM THE MEDIA: The report sheds light on a covert cyber campaign where Chinese APT groups have penetrated the digital defenses of Cambodian government organizations. Monitoring of cloud backup services revealed a consistent pattern of unauthorized access, indicating espionage. Affected sectors include National Defense, Election Oversight, and Human Rights, among others, with the potential for significant data exfiltration of sensitive information. The timing of the hackers' activities, which coincides with China's Golden Week, further strengthens the attribution to Chinese state-linked entities. This cyber espionage aligns with China's broader strategic interests in the region and underscores the nuanced power dynamics between the two nations, despite their historically close ties.
READ THE STORY: The Record
Optus Outage Cripples Connectivity Across Australia
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): A widespread outage from Optus, Australia's second-largest telecom operator, has disrupted phone and internet services nationwide, affecting millions of users, critical services, and the economy.
Analyst Comments: The recent Optus outage, which began around 4 am on a Wednesday, has left a significant impact on Australia's connectivity infrastructure, including mobile and broadband services. This has led to interruptions across various sectors, from transportation to payment systems, and has even impacted emergency service accessibility. The government's response underscores the severity of the situation, with calls for accountability and preparedness from Optus. The cause of the outage remains unconfirmed, but speculation around a possible Border Gateway Protocol issue suggests a technical fault rather than a cyber attack.
FROM THE MEDIA: Optus, Australia's telecom giant and a subsidiary of Singapore's Singtel, faced a massive service outage, plunging millions into a communications blackout and halting several essential services. The disruption extended beyond personal inconvenience, affecting payment systems, healthcare facilities, and public transport. It sparked concerns over the nation's heavy reliance on digital connectivity, especially given the decline in cash use, as reported by the RBA. While services are gradually being restored, the incident has highlighted the vulnerabilities in the digital infrastructure and the need for robust backup solutions, as well as a potential reconsideration of the march towards a cashless society.
READ THE STORY: The Register
NY Attorney General Enforces $450,000 Penalty for Unaddressed Vulnerability and Ransomware Breach
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): US Radiology has incurred a $450,000 fine for failing to patch a critical vulnerability, leading to a ransomware attack and the exposure of sensitive patient data.
Analyst Comments: The New York Attorney General's action against US Radiology highlights the serious consequences of neglecting cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The radiology company's failure to update its firewall, despite known vulnerabilities, led to a significant data breach. This negligence not only compromised the personal information of nearly 200,000 patients but also resulted in a substantial financial penalty and mandated security upgrades.
FROM THE MEDIA: US Radiology, a significant private radiology firm, has settled with the New York Attorney General for $450,000 after a ransomware attack exposed sensitive patient data. The attack exploited an unpatched SonicWall firewall vulnerability, which the company had delayed addressing due to competing priorities. The exposed data included highly sensitive personal information for a significant number of New York residents. The settlement requires US Radiology to enhance its IT security measures, including encrypting patient data and developing a penetration testing program. This case serves as a reminder of the critical need for up-to-date and proactive cybersecurity measures within the healthcare industry.
READ THE STORY: The Record
Space Junk Cleanup: The Electrostatic Tractor Beam Solution
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): As the commercial space industry booms, the volume of satellites and associated debris has surged, leading to concerns about the Kessler Syndrome—an overcrowded atmospheric condition where space debris increases the risk of collisions. These fragments of defunct satellites and spent rocket stages not only pose a danger to active spacecraft but also fall unpredictably to Earth and obscure astronomers' views.
Analyst Comments: The electrostatic tractor beam offers an innovative solution to a growing space problem, combining elements of science fiction with practical physics. However, the project's success will depend on overcoming economic and operational challenges to turn this promising technology into reality.
FROM THE MEDIA: The proposed electrostatic tractor beam operates not through the sci-fi staples of artificial gravity or energy fields, but through the practical application of electrostatic charges. By firing negatively charged electrons at space debris, the target becomes positively charged, creating an electrostatic attraction that can be harnessed to guide the debris safely away. While the science behind the electrostatic tractor beam is largely understood, the method's implementation faces significant hurdles. The pace at which debris could be removed would need to be slow to avoid further collisions, potentially lagging behind the rate of space junk accumulation. The considerable cost of developing, launching, and operating such a device presents another obstacle, as there is little clear return on investment for potential funders.
READ THE STORY: ExplorersWeb
Xi Jinping Urges Joint Effort in AI Risks, Amidst New Global Initiative
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The World Internet Conference in Wuzhen showcased China's renewed commitment to shaping global artificial intelligence (AI) governance, marked by President Xi Jinping's call for international cooperation to mitigate AI risks. China's Global AI Governance Initiative (GAIGI) aims to establish a cooperative framework for AI safety and development, challenging the existing geopolitical tech landscape shaped by U.S. export controls.
Analyst Comments: China's GAIGI proposes principles for AI development prioritizing human control, reliability, and fairness, yet emphasizes cyber sovereignty, contrasting with more open internet governance models. While the U.S. focuses on AI technology's security implications, advocating stringent export controls to limit China's military AI capabilities, China's framework calls for equal AI development rights across nations and criticizes ideological and technological barriers. This dichotomy underscores the broader U.S.-China technology competition and raises questions about the potential for a unified global AI governance standard.
FROM THE MEDIA: At the core of the World Internet Conference, Xi Jinping's advocacy for a unified approach to AI risks complements China's broader strategy to influence the rules governing emerging technologies. Despite international concerns over AI's societal impact, solutions remain fragmented along national lines. The Bletchley Declaration and the U.K.'s AI Safety Summit reflect a shared understanding of AI's challenges but also highlight divergent approaches to governance. As global consensus on AI's risks grows, the international community faces the challenge of harmonizing diverse regulatory environments and reconciling China's call for collaboration with its distinct vision of cyber sovereignty.
READ THE STORY: The Diplomat
ESA's Advanced Space 'Scope Triumphs Over Initial Setbacks, Capturing Stunning Galactic Images
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Euclid telescope, overcoming early technical glitches, has successfully captured its first series of cosmic images. These images promise to deepen our understanding of the universe and the enigmatic dark matter and energy shaping it.
Analyst Comments: Despite a troubled start marked by sunlight leakage and software issues, the Euclid space telescope has demonstrated its capabilities with high-resolution images of distant cosmic structures. The images include detailed views of galaxy clusters, spiral galaxies, and star-forming regions, offering insights into the universe's evolution. With its specialized instruments, Euclid can observe in both visible and infrared light, allowing it to peer through dust and gas to study the formation and dynamics of stars and galaxies.
FROM THE MEDIA: Launched in July aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9, the Euclid telescope is now set to begin its primary mission next year after a period of extensive testing and calibration. The recent images serve as a testament to its potential to explore the universe’s past, dating back ten billion years. ESA’s Carole Mundell expresses confidence in Euclid’s capacity to aid in understanding dark matter and energy’s role in the cosmos. As Euclid progresses, it will compile a comprehensive 3D map of the universe, covering over a third of the sky, revealing hidden aspects of dark matter’s gravitational pull and dark energy’s influence on the universe's accelerated expansion.
READ THE STORY: The Register
Items of interest
Harnessing the Cosmos: The Fusion of Space Technology and Earthly Industries
Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF): The integration of space technology into terrestrial industries is proving transformative. At the recent Indo-Pacific Space and Earth Conference (IPSEC), it was evident that space technology is not only enhancing Earth-based operations such as mining and agriculture but is also poised to support sustainable practices and deep space exploration.
Analyst Comments: Space technology, particularly Earth observation (EO) satellites, has long been a staple in sectors like mining, where it has revolutionized processes from exploration to environmental management. The latest advancements are producing even finer data resolutions, enabling industries to exceed environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards, and optimize exploration and operational efficiencies. The IPSEC showcased these developments, highlighting the two-way technological and capability transfer between space and sectors like resources, agriculture, and environmental conservation.
FROM THE MEDIA: At IPSEC, discussions revealed how mining companies leverage EO satellites for precise data gathering, enhancing mine reconciliation and environmental rehabilitation. This symbiosis extends to agriculture, where satellite data informs crop management and forest conservation, helping to mitigate climate change impacts. The push for sustainability has fostered innovative collaborations; for instance, Australia's resources sector, with its expertise in remote operations, is contributing to NASA's Artemis program for lunar exploration. This cross-industry innovation signals a new era where the interplay between space technology and terrestrial applications not only boosts economic efficiency but also contributes to a sustainable future on Earth and beyond.
READ THE STORY: ViaSat
Rare earth metals make this dirt worth more than $1 billion (Video)
FROM THE MEDIA: At a secretive location a few hundred kilometres north of Perth, there’s a stockpile of what looks like ordinary beach sand. At first glance it’s undeserving of a second look. Except it’s not sand. It’s actually a mountain of money; a stash of in-demand heavy metal minerals that’s worth more than a billion dollars
Why China's control of rare earths matters (Video)
FROM THE MEDIA: China dominates the world's production and supply of rare earths - obscure elements that are vital for high tech manufacturing. The FT's Jamie Smyth explains why this matters.
These open-source products are reviewed by analysts at InfoDom Securities, providing possible context about current media trends related to the realm of cyber security. The stories selected cover a broad array of cyber threats and are intended to aid readers in framing key publicly discussed threats and overall situational awareness. InfoDom Securities does not endorse any third-party claims made in their original material or related links on their sites; the opinions expressed by third parties are theirs alone. For further questions, please contact InfoDom Securities at dominanceinformation@gmail.com.